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DNA Polymerase Driving DNA Replication, Genetic Research, and Molecular Biotechnology Advancements
DNA polymerase enzymes replicate DNA by adding nucleotides to the DNA strand during cell division. In biotechnology, engineered DNA polymerases power PCR, DNA sequencing, cloning, and mutagenesis. High-fidelity polymerases improve accuracy, while hot-start and proofreading enzymes optimize amplification reliability.
Advancements include thermostable polymerases, long-amplicon extension enzymes, and next-generation polymerases engineered for rapid cycling and ultra-low error rates. DNA polymerase research supports gene-editing platforms, metagenomics, and RNA-to-DNA enzyme engineering.
Future breakthroughs focus on synthetic polymerase evolution, enhanced mutation detection, and cell-free molecular manufacturing.